{"id":"2011482892338090300","url":"https://x.com/bryan_johnson/status/2011482892338090300","text":"If you have a non-stick cookware. Get rid of it. \n\nNew study: a 169% increase in the risk of fatty liver disease in adolescents is linked to PFOA, a forever chemical used in non-stick cookware, with every doubling of exposure. \n\nI've been meticulously measuring these toxin levels in myself and drinking water. \n\nSignificant study findings:\n\n+ PFOA showed the highest risk increase for fatty liver disease in adolescents; each doubling of PFOA plasma concentration was associated with a 169% increased odds of fatty liver disease.\n\n+ In one cohort, each doubling of PFHpA was associated with a 73% increased risk of fatty liver disease in adolescents.\n\n+ Age mediated the risk posed by PFOA in adolescents; each year increase in age added a 45% increased odds of fatty liver disease for every doubling of PFOA plasma concentration.\n\n+ The high-risk PNPLA3 genotype significantly increased the risk of fatty liver disease with PFAS exposure in adolescents, particularly for PFHxS. Each doubling in PFHxS concentration was associated with a 552% increase in fatty liver disease odds in older adolescents carrying the PNPLA3 GG high-risk phenotype.\n\n+ No basic association with increased risk was observed with increasing PFAS concentrations in young adults.\n\n+ Smoking in young adults turned several PFAS, including PFDA, PFHpS, and PFNA, into significant risk factors for metabolic liver disease.\n\nAdded Context:\n+ MASLD definition: Having >5.5% liver fat in addition to at least one metabolic disease criterion (high BMI, fasting glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, and/or low HDL).\n\n+ PNPLA3: A gene involved in fat and cholesterol handling and storage in the liver and adipose tissue. The GG phenotype predisposes its carriers to an increased risk of developing fatty liver and metabolic (non-alcoholic) liver disease.\n\nSignificance:\nKnown as \"forever chemicals,\" PFAS persist for years or decades in the human body (PFOA has a half-life of 1.5–5 years) and for decades to centuries in the ecosystem (PFOA has a half-life of 92 years in environmental water). PFAS are widely used as insulating and non-stick materials in non-stick cookware, clothing, electronics, and many other household and industrial applications.\n\nPFAS have long been known to cause metabolic and endocrine disruptions, affecting metabolism, insulin function, and liver fat metabolism. Adolescence and early adulthood are particularly sensitive phases due to hormonal changes around puberty and related rapid growth, making this age group especially vulnerable to the endocrine, hormonal, and metabolic damage caused by PFAS.\n\nThis study successfully identified adolescents as an especially vulnerable risk group to specific types of PFAS (PFOA and PFHpA). Given that PFOA is used in non-stick ware and other food containers, this highlights the importance of avoiding these items in households with children, especially around and after the age of puberty.\n\nFurthermore, the study uncovered the exacerbation of genetic risk by PFAS, indicating that PNPLA3 GG carriers should be especially aware of the risk from PFHxS. This chemical is commonly used in firefighting foams, water-repellant clothing and polishes, as well as various electronics.\n\nYoung adults showed no basic association between PFAS and liver disease risk, possibly indicating a special sensitivity before and around puberty. However, smoking altered this relationship, making young-adult smokers more susceptible to increased liver disease risk with PFAS exposure.\n\nLimitations\nWhile the study offers several actionable insights, more research is needed to determine if the findings hold for non-Hispanic adolescent populations (as the SOLAR adolescent cohort was solely of Hispanic background). Additionally, the somewhat small sample size limits the study's statistical power. Finally, the single-time point PFAS exposure assessment and the cross-sectional nature of the study make it impossible to assess cumulative exposures or draw any causative conclusions, limiting the insights to observational findings.","author":{"name":"Bryan Johnson","username":"bryan_johnson","avatarUrl":"https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1888004001872101378/jVNJQ-iu_200x200.jpg"},"createdAt":"Wed Jan 14 16:57:47 +0000 2026","engagement":{"replies":479,"retweets":624,"likes":6482,"views":1687906},"media":{"photos":[{"url":"https://pbs.twimg.com/media/G-o3u4yXsAAEUWW.png?name=orig","width":426,"height":484}],"videos":[]},"adhxContext":{"savedByCount":1,"publicTags":[],"previewUrl":"https://adhx.com/bryan_johnson/status/2011482892338090300"}}